While newfangled names for parenting styles, from tiger to panda, tend to conjure images of an unruly zoo, most are just trendy spins on one of four basic styles that have been referred to by professionals since the 1960s.
That’s when clinical and developmental psychologist Diana Baumrind coined the three main categories of parenting styles, with a fourth being added by her later, in the 1980s, based on the work of Stanford researchers Eleanor Maccoby and John Martin.
These are the four parenting styles at the heart of all other styles, from helicopter to free-range, including guidance on how they all fit together—and which one is the best.
Authoritarian
This approach to parenting is basically the old-school, fear-based “because I said so” approach—strict, high expectations, lack of warmth, rigid rules with no explanation, and severe punishment for disobedience.
Ironically, studies including a 2017 meta-analysis have found that harsh discipline and mind contr
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