Coinbase unveiled an open-source protocol for on-chain payments via HTTP called x402.
Announced on May 6, the system repurposes the previously unused HTTP 402 “Payment Required” status code to support direct machine-native payments using stablecoins.
The protocol enables autonomous agents and applications to pay for API access, data, and services without relying on human intervention, subscriptions, or traditional payment infrastructures.
Business models and use cases
The core design of x402 enables a server to issue an HTTP 402 response with payment instructions when a client requests a paid resource. Upon receiving the payment requirement, the client, whether a human user or an autonomous agent, can initiate an on-chain transaction and retry the request with a signed payment.
This architecture enables microtransactions for content access, context retrieval, and AI inference, making per-use monetization technically feasible and economically viable. x402 is currently availabl
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