BSC’s test of quantum-resistant cryptography worked. The trade-off: roughly 40% slower transaction throughput.
The blockchain’s post-quantum migration report showed that replacing elliptic-curve signatures with the NIST-standardized ML-DSA-44 scheme cut cross-region throughput from 4,973 transactions per second to 2,997 TPS, as transaction data ballooned in size.
The experiment swapped ECDSA signatures for ML-DSA-44, also known as Dilithium2, while replacing BLS12-381 validator aggregation with a pqSTARK-based system intended to compress consensus signatures.
The biggest bottleneck wasn’t computation. It was data propagation.
Transaction sizes expanded from roughly 110 bytes to about 2.5 kilobytes after the migration, while blocks under a 2,000 TPS workload grew to around 2 megabytes. The larger payloads slowed cross-region block propagation, increasing 99th-percentile finality latency from two slots to 11 slots, according to the report.
BSC said median finality rem
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