Bitcoin Magazine
Bitcoin Covenants: CHECKSIGFROMSTACK (BIP 348)
This is the second article in a series deep diving into individual covenant proposals that have reached a point of maturity meriting an in-depth breakdown.
CHECKSIGFROMSTACK (CSFS), put forward by Brandon Black and Jeremy Rubin with BIP 348, is not a covenant. As I said in the introductory article to this series, some of the proposals I would be covering are not covenants, but synergize or interrelate with them in some way. CSFS is the first example of that.
CSFS is a very simple opcode, but before we go through how it works let’s look at the basics of how a Bitcoin script actually works.
Script is a stack based language. That means that data is “stacked” together on top of each other on the stack, and operated on by removing an item from the top of the stack to operate on based on what an opcode does, either returning the data or a result from it to the top of the stack.
There are two parts of
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