Layer 2 (L2) is a common term among crypto natives, but the concept can be confusing for many people, especially those who have just joined the industry. 
It is a generic name used to describe solutions built on a base network, popularly called layer 1 (L1) or the main network (Mainnet). This means that L2 cannot exist without the base layer, which makes it essential to first have a basic knowledge of L1 before learning about L2. 
Layer 1 Explained
So what is layer 1? It is the base network and underlying infrastructure of a blockchain platform. The main network is responsible for validating and finalizing all on-chain transactions without depending on another network. This means the base layer defines the rule of the ecosystem. L1 protocols also have native tokens used for transaction fees or gas fees. 
Every base network has its own mechanism for nodes to reach a consensus, such as proof-of-work (PoW) and proof-of-stake (PoS). However, there’s a very common concept in the indust

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